HYDROPHILIC PES MEMBRANES: ENHANCING FILTRATION PERFORMANCE

PES membranes are widely utilized in filtration processes due to their inherent mechanical strength and thermal stability. However, standard polyethersulfone materials often exhibit hydrophobic properties, limiting their effectiveness in aqueous applications. Hydrophilic modification techniques,

Biological markers, often referred to as biomarkers, provide a vital assessment of environmental conditions and the effectiveness of conservation programs. These living organisms or their components, such as genetic material, reveal gradually the effect of pollution or alteration within a certain